In Indiana, who may provide consent for a patient who lacks capacity?

• A. A close friend
• B. The patient’s spouse
• C. A legally authorized representative
• D. No consent is needed

Answer: (C)

When a patient cannot make their own medical decisions, someone with legal authority must consent on their behalf. In Indiana, that role is filled by a legally authorized representative, who may act under a durable power of attorney for health care, a court-appointed guardian, or a surrogate named in an advance directive. This ensures the patient’s values and previously stated wishes guide care. A close friend does not have automatic authority to consent. A spouse isn’t automatically authorized unless they are the designated legally authorized representative (through a DPOA-HC or guardianship). No consent is not the rule in normal situations; it applies only in true emergencies where implied consent may be assumed to provide necessary care.